Battle of Vitoria
Also known as: Vittoria
June 21, 1813
After the disaster in Russia in 1812, the French began to shift forces out of Spain and back towards France and Germany. Wellington launched an offensive to take advantage of the situation, while a French army under Marshal Jourdan attempted to buy time for more transports to escape. Wellington encountered the French army at Vitoria and attacked, decisively defeating them.
Bibliography
- Chandler, David G. Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1979.
- Smith, Digby. The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill Books: 1998.
Updated March 2017
© Nathan D. Jensen